Alternativas para el aprovechamiento del cuajilote (Parmentiera edulis): una especie agroindustrial subutilizada / Alternatives for the use of cuajilote (Parmentiera edulis): an underutilized agro-industrial species

Resumen El fruto de la especie Parmentiera edulis, conocida como cuajilote, se produce de forma abundante por temporada, es rico en nutrientes y puede ser aprovechado para elaborar alimentos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la viabilidad técnica de utilizar el cuajilote en la formulación de alimentos y bebidas fermentadas para promover su aprovechamiento comercial. Se determinó la composición nutricional, el contenido fenólico y su capacidad antioxidante. Los frutos se deshidrataron y se obtuvo una harina que se mezcló al 0 % (control), 5 %, 10 % y 15 % con harina de maíz, para preparar tortillas, y se evaluó su composición nutricional y aceptación organoléptica. También, se elaboró una bebida fermentada y una bebida destilada, usando Sacharomyces cereviseae, a partir de pulpa de fruta con y sin cáscara. Los mostos para la bebida fermentada se pasteurizaron a 72 ºC/15 s. El fruto presentó alto contenido de proteína (6.5 ± 2.5 %) y fibra (3.9 ± 1.6 %), de compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante. En las tortillas, al aumentar la cantidad de cuajilote se elevó la cantidad de fibra y proteína. Sensorialmente, las tortillas adicionadas con 5 % y 10 % de cuajilote fueron mejor aceptadas. En la bebida fermentada no se encontró diferencia significativa en sus parámetros fisicoquímicos al elaborarla con y sin cáscara, excepto para la acidez total. Tampoco modificó el rendimiento de producción de bebida fermentada o de alcohol destilado. El cuajilote es un fruto poco incorporado a la dieta que presenta propiedades funcionales nutricionales adecuadas y puede ser aprovechado como materia prima en la elaboración de tortillas, aumentando su valor nutricional o para producir bebidas fermentadas o alcohol etílico.

Abstract The fruit of the species Parmentiera edulis, known as cuajilote, is abundantly produced per season, is rich in nutrients and can be used to make food. The objective of this work was to establish the technical feasibility of using cuajilote in the formulation of fermented foods and beverages to promote its commercial use. The nutritional composition, the phenolic content and its antioxidant capacity were determined. The fruits were dehydrated and a flour was obtained that was mixed at 0 % (control), 5 %, 10 % and 15 % with corn flour, to prepare tortillas, and its nutritional composition and organoleptic acceptance were evaluated. Also, a fermented beverage and a distilled beverage were elaborated, using Saccharomyces cereviseae, from fruit pulp with and without shell. The musts for the fermented beverage were pasteurized at 72 ºC/15 s. The fruit presented a high content of protein (6.5 ± 2.5 %) and fiber (3.9 ± 1.6 %) of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. In tortillas, increasing the amount of cuajilote increased the amount of fiber and protein. Sensorially, the tortillas added with 5 % and 10 % cuajilote were better accepted. In the fermented beverage, no significant difference was found in its physicochemical parameters when it was made with and without shell, except for total acidity. Nor did it modify the production yield of fermented beverage or distilled alcohol. Cuajilote is a fruit rarely incorporated into the diet that has adequate functional and nutritional properties and can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of tortillas, increasing its nutritional value or to produce fermented beverages or ethyl alcohol.

The effectiveness of a three-step sterilization method for Goldmann tonometer prism: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: To propose a three?step sterilization method for Goldmann tonometer prism (GTP) and to analyze the sterilization effects of each step. Methods: 120 patients (240 eyes) who underwent Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) IOP measurement were enrolled in this study. GTPs were used individually for each patient and wiped by swabs soaked with 75% ethyl alcohol, ofloxacin eye drops, and 75% ethyl alcohol for at least 5 s. GTPs were directly pressed onto the surface of agar plates before (W0) and after three?step sterilization (W1, W2, and W3). All the agars were sent to the laboratory in 2 h and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Subsequently, the growth of microbial species was assessed through visual inspection of the colonies at the inoculation points on the agar surface. Results: Staphylococcus. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated bacterium and was observed in 23.33% of all prisms. Most of the bacteria were eliminated at W3 except Staphylococcus. epidermidis and Kocuria roseus in one case. The isolation rates of Staphylococcus genus and Staphylococcus. epidermidis were significantly decreased (both with P < 0.001). The number of bacteria types isolated from prisms at time point W2 and W3 had a statistically significant difference compared with W1 and W (both with P < 0.05), while W2 and W3 exhibited no significant difference. Conclusion: This three?step sterilization method for GTP proved to be effective and safe for repeated use. We recommend using ofloxacin to prevent the transmission of pathogens based on ethyl alcohol, which could also bring some economic benefits.

Protective Effect of Montelukast Sodium in Acute Ethyl Alcohol-induced Hepatic Injury in Rats

ABSTRACT Objective: Ethyl alcohol (EA) is a substance that is used commonly worldwide and known to have toxic effects on the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of montelukast sodium (MK) on acute hepatopathy induced by a single dose of EA in rats. Methods: The study consisted of four groups each containing eight Wistar albino male rats. The groups were classified as follows: the control group received distilled water; the EA group received 6 g/kg EA diluted with distilled water orally by gavage; the MK group received 30 mg/kg MK orally by gavage; the EA + MK group received, 2 hours after the EA administration, ie 30 mg/kg MK orally by gavage. After 24 hours, all the rats were sacrificed, and their blood and liver tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: The administration of EA caused a statistically significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared with the control group (220.50 ± 66.90 and 92.38 ± 5.90 versus 84.88 ± 15.66 and 43.75 ± 10.22). The administration of EA + MK caused a statistically significant decrease in the AST and ALT levels compared with the EA alone group. Ethyl alcohol administered to the rats caused lesion in the liver including congestions, hydropic degeneration and irregular shaped area caused coagulation necrosis. The histopathological changes seen in the EA group were not detected in the EA + MK group. Conclusion: Consequently, these data suggested that MK had beneficial effects in alleviating EA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Comorbidade entre uso de álcool e outras drogas, transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamento suicida: uma revisão / Comorbidity between the use of alcohol and other substances, psychiatric disorders and suicide behavior: a review / Comorbilidad entre el uso de alcohol y otras drogas, trastornos psiquiátricos y comportamiento suicida: una revisión

Estudos e dados governamentais apontam possível associação entre uso abusivo de álcool e outras substâncias e comportamento suicida, com consequente impacto em diversos âmbitos, como o econômico e o da saúde pública. Diante desse panorama, objetivou-se descrever a comorbidade a partir de uma revisão de literatura, de modo a apontar aspectos relevantes para sua prevenção. Para tanto, realizou-se busca avançada no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, a partir da qual 17 artigos foram selecionados e agrupados em cinco temas. Em suma, compareceu nos estudos revisados o cuidado em assinalar subgrupos de risco para o suicídio entre os usuários de álcool e outras drogas, que se constituem como público-alvo para intervenções preventivas de agravos e de promoção à saúde.

Studies and government data point out a possible association between the abuse of alcohol and other substances and suicidal behavior, with a consequent impact on various fields, such as the economic field and public health. Facing this situation, this article aims to describe this comorbidity the way it is described in the current bibliography, in order to point out relevant aspects for its prevention. For this purpose, an advanced search was conducted on the CAPES's scientific paper directory from which 17 articles were selected and grouped into five themes. In short, the reviewed studies demonstrated the caution of marking suicide risk subgroups among psychoactive substance users, which constitute a target group for preventive interventions of aggravations and promotion of health.

Estudios y datos gubernamentales señalan posible asociación entre el uso abusivo de alcohol y otras sustancias y comportamiento suicida, con consecuente impacto en diversos ámbitos, como el económico y el de la salud pública. Ante este panorama, se objetivó describir la comorbilidad a partir de una revisión de literatura, para apuntar aspectos relevantes para su prevención. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en el Portal de Periódicos CAPES, a partir de la cual 17 artículos fueron seleccionados y agrupados en cinco temas. En resumen, se observó en los estudios revisados el cuidado en señalar subgrupos de riesgo para el suicidio entre los usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas, que se constituyen como público objetivo para intervenciones preventivas de agravios y de promoción a la salud.

Prospective Study on Effect of Submucosal Alcohol Injection in Cases of Rectal Prolapse in Infants and Children

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to study the impact of sclerosing agent in cases of rectal prolapse in infants and children.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 cases of diagnosed rectal prolapse in infants and children attending a tertiary care ofWest Bengal were included in the study for the effect of submucosal injection of alcohol from a period of August 2016 to July2018. 1.5–2 ml of alcohol was linearly injected in three sites (two laterals and one posterior).Results: All 200 cases were followed at 3 months interval for a period of 2 years. One hundred and twenty-one patients (60.5%)had a duration of prolapse for 3–6 months. Forty-six patients (23.0%) had prolapse for more than 8 months and 33 (16.5%)patients had prolapse for more than 1 year. One hundred and ninety-one (90.5%) patients responded to a single injection. Fivepatients (2.5%) required the second injection. Four (2%) patients with age more than 10 years did not respond to the treatment.Twenty-five patients had fecal soiling for a period of 10–12 days. No infectious complication and no recurrence were observed.Conclusion: 2–5 ml of ethyl alcohol (96%) is effective for the treatment of rectal prolapse. The duration of rectal prolapsehad no deleterious effect on treatment; however, patients with age more than 10 years did not respond to sclerosing agent,probably due to different etiology.

Social representation regarding the use of alcoholic beverages by adolescents / Representação social sobre o uso de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes

This study evaluated the Social Representations regarding the use of alcoholic beverages by adolescents (N = 386; Mage = 15.6; SD = 1.94) based on the Theory of Social Representations. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, Drug Use Screening Inventory and Word Evocation Questionnaire. The Social Representations was evaluated from prototypical and similarity reviews, based on the Social Representation Theory and on the Central Nucleus Theory, and the other data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential tests. The results indicated that 45.0% of the adolescents had consumed alcoholic beverages during the month before data collection, 24.5% of them with a certain regularity (more than three times a month). With regard to Social Representations it was observed that the words "beer" and "party" were the most evoked (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption by adolescents was considered an acceptable social behavior as it is associated with positive thinking and with socializing characteristics among peers (p < 0.01).

Este trabalho analisou as representações sociais sobre o uso de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes (N = 386; Midade = 15,6; DP = 1,94), com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Drug Use Screening Inventory e Questionário de Evocação de Palavras. A representação social foi avaliada a partir de análises prototípicas e de similitude, com base na Teoria da Representação Social e na Teoria do Núcleo Central, enquanto os demais dados foram analisados a partir de testes descritivos e inferenciais. Os dados indicaram que 45,0% dos adolescentes haviam consumido bebidas alcoólicas no mês anterior à coleta de dados, sendo 24,5% deles com certa regularidade, correspondente a mais que três vezes no mês. Em relação às representações sociais, observou-se que as palavras "cerveja" e "festa" foram as mais evocadas (p < 0,05). O consumo de álcool foiconsiderado um comportamento social aceitável, estando associado com pensamentos positivos e com características socializadoras entre os pares (p < 0,01).

Dermatosis neglecta. a propósito de un caso / Dermatosis neglecta. about a case

RESUMEN La dermatosis neglecta es una entidad benigna poco frecuente, con predominio en pacientes adultos, secundario a una hiperalgesia. Presentamos una paciente de 78 años con antecedente de herpes zoster en rostro, con lesiones características de esta enfermedad.

SUMMARY Dermatosis neglecta is a rare benign entity with predominance in adult patients, secondary to a hyperalgesia. We present a 78-year-old patient with a history of herpes zoster on the face, with characteristic lesions of this disease.

Intoxicação por etanol em bovinos alimentados com bagaço de malte acrescido de levedura de cerveja / Ethanol poisoning in cattle fed with malted barley waste with brewer's yeast

O presente trabalho descreve um surto de intoxicação por etanol que afetou um rebanho bovino de aptidão leiteira alimentado com o subproduto de cervejaria denominado bagaço de malte, resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), resíduo de cevada maltada ou simplesmente "cevada". O surto iniciou cerca de 24 horas após ao fornecimento de uma nova partida do subproduto que apresentava odor alcoólico. Análise cromatográfica e microbiológica de amostra deste subproduto confirmou a presença de etanol e Saccharomyces spp., respectivamente, indicando a adição de outro subproduto de cervejaria, a levedura de cerveja ou levedo. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram diarreia, salivação, andar cambaleante e decúbito. A morbidade foi de 12,2% (5/41) e mortalidade de 2,4% (1/41). Uma vaca que morreu após um curso clínico de 3 dias foi necropsiada. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas significativas, mas na histopatologia havia rumenite necrosupurativa aguda, multifocal, moderada, com colonização bacteriana e fúngica secundária, indicando acidose ruminal concomitante. Em análise cromatográfica de amostras de conteúdo ruminal e fígado deste bovino foram detectadas quantidades variáveis de etanol. Os dados do presente estudo indicam que a possibilidade de intoxicação por etanol deve ser considerada em bovinos com sinais neurológicos e digestivos alimentados com RUC quando a este acrescentado levedura de cerveja.(AU)

An outbreak of ethanol poisoning that affected a dairy cattle herd fed with the brewery by-product known as malt bagasse, wet brewery residue, malted barley waste or "barley". The outbreak began about 24 hours after a new product of the by-product was offered to cattle that had an alcoholic odor. Chromatographic and microbiological analysis of this by-product sample confirmed the presence of ethanol and Saccharomyces spp., respectively, indicating the addition of another by-product brewery, brewer's yeast or yeast. The main clinical signs observed were diarrhea, salivation, staggering gait and decubitus. Morbidity was 12.2% (5/41) and mortality was 2.4% (1/41). A cow that died after a 3-day of clinical course was necropsied. No significant macroscopic lesions were observed, but in the histopathology, there was acute, multifocal, moderate necrosupurative rumenitis with secondary bacterial and fungal colonization, indicating concomitant ruminal acidosis. In the chromatographic analysis of samples of rumen and liver contents of this bovine, variable amounts of ethanol were detected. The data from the present study indicate that the possibility of ethanol intoxication should be considered in cattle with neurological and digestive signs fed with RUC when added to brewer's yeast.(AU)

Metatarsalgia in a patient with chronic hemiparetic stroke managed with alcohol block of the tibial nerve: A case report

We report the case of a patient with a hemiparetic stroke whose metatarsalgia was successfully managed by reducing the spasticity of plantar flexor using neurolysis with 20% ethyl alcohol. A 57-year-old female patient with left hemiparesis following an infarct of the right corona radiata and basal ganglia one year previously presented with pain (numeric rating scale: 7) in the forefoot under the second to fourth metatarsal heads for six months. We diagnosed her with metatarsalgia and considered that the forefoot pain was associated with mechanical stress around the metatarsal head due to the spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale: 1+) of the ankle plantar flexor. We performed neurolysis of the medial and lateral motor branches of the tibial nerve to the gastrocnemius muscle with 20% ethyl alcohol. After the alcohol block, foot pain and spasticity significantly reduced (numeric rating scale: 1; Modified Ashworth Scale: 0). Moreover, this effect persisted for at least three months. Clinicians should consider the possibility that spasticity can contribute to the development of foot pain in a patient with stroke.

Botulinum toxin type A and ethyl alcohol for treating lower extremity spasticity after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To compare the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A ( BTXA) and ethyl alcohol ( EA) in treating lower extremity spasticity after stroke. Methods This was a randomized, case-control study. A to-tal of 92 eligible stroke survivors completed the study. They were randomly divided into a BTXA group of 48 and an EA group of 44 according to a random number table. The gastrocnemius, soleus and posterior tibial muscles of the af-fected limb were chosen as injection sites. The BTXA group was injected with 50 to 200 IU of BTXA ( at 50 U/ml) at one to four sites in each muscle, with a total injection dose of less than 600 U. The EA group was injected with less than 10 ml of 50% EA (0.1 to 0.5 ml at each site). Before and 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the injection, both groups were evaluated using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), a 3 m timed up and go test (TUG), a timed 10 meter walk ( 10m-WT) and each was asked to assess their pain level using a visual analogue scale ( VAS) . Any adverse re-actions were also observed. Results Two weeks after the injection, the average MAS score of both groups had im-proved significantly compared to that before the injection. The average improvement in the BTXA group was signifi-cantly less than in the EA group. No significant differences were found in other measurements. After four weeks the average MAS score of the BTXA group was still significantly different from that before injection or from 2 weeks previ-ously, but the EA group now showed no significant difference from before the injection. The average TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of both groups had improved significantly compared to those of the earlier time points. Twelve weeks after the injection, the average MAS, TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of the BTXA were still significantly improved compared to before the injection, but in the EA group only the average score VAS reading was significantly improved. There were then significant differences between the two groups in all of the measurements. Conclusions Both BTXA and EA can relieve muscle spasticity. Both take effect within 2 weeks, but the former has fewer side effects than the latter and a longer duration of therapeutic effect.

Ultrasound-Guided 50% Ethyl Alcohol Injection for Patients With Malleolar and Olecranon Bursitis: A Prospective Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effect of ultrasound-guided ethyl alcohol injection on malleolar and olecranon synovial proliferative bursitis. METHODS: Twenty-four patients received ultrasound-guided 50% diluted ethyl alcohol injection at the site of synovial proliferative bursitis after aspiration of the free fluid. RESULTS: Swelling and symptoms significantly decreased in 13 of the 24 patients without any complications. Eleven patients had partial improvement in swelling and symptoms. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided alcohol injection could be an alternative therapeutic option before surgery in patients with chronic intractable malleolar and olecranon synovial proliferative bursitis.

Direct Determination of Impurity Elements in High Purity Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Dissolved with Ethyl Alcohol by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) was developed for the direct determination of Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Mo, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pd, Ag, Sn, Au and Pb in lithium hexafluorophosphate. The sample was dissolved with absolute ethyl alcohol to analyze the above 26 impurity elements in the solution by ICP-MS. The condensation and deposition of high concentrations of carbon in mass cone interface and ion lens, which will decrease the sensitivity of element analysis, can be avoided effectively by introducing O2 to plasma. The mass spectral interferences of polyatomic ions to analytes were corrected by collision reaction cell (CRC). The matrix matching method was used to corrected matrix effect. Satisfactory linearity of each working curve of 26 impurity elements was obtained. The correlation coefficients being over 0. 9995, the detection limits for the investigated elements were in the range of 0. 6-32 ng / L, the relative standard deviation of each element within 2. 5% -7. 3% , and the recovery of each element at 90. 6% -108. 6% . The method had been applied to the determination of trace elements in lithium hexafluorophosphate with satisfactory results.

Ethono Medicinal Study of Parachinar, Kurram Valley (FATA) KPK, Pakistan.

The Present studies were carried out to identify the medicinal plants, folk knowledge of medicinal plants and to motivate the inhabitants of Kurram Agency to use their knowledge in a better way. The area has high potential regarding its biodiversity as well as valuable medicinal plants. The Information was collected from traditional experts regarding 26 medicinally important species belonging to 17 families. Asparagus officinalis Royal is used for constipation, Berberis lyceum Royal is used for urine and chest problems, Cichorium intybus Linn is used as antipyretic, Foeniculum vulgare Millis is used for stomach problems, blood purifier & intestinal diseases, Fumaria indica Haussk is used as a drug for blood purification and as antipyretic, Quercus ilex Rox is used in diabetes, Seriphidium kurramensis L is being used as a good anti-malarial drug and a vermifuge and Ziziphora teniour Linn is used as carminative and for colic pain. These specimens were deposited in the herbarium at plant sciences department, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan for further medicinal investigation.

Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of oldenlandia corymbosa (L).

The aim of the research is to find out new anti ulcer drugs from indigenous plant which are potent and nontoxic or minimal toxic and to investigate the anti ulcer activity of Oldenlandia Corymbosa (L). The powder of Oldenlandia Corymbosa (L) was successively Extracted with Ethyl alcohol and Aqueous .The preliminary phytochemical test were done and the LD50 values for both alcohol and aqueous extract determined. The anti ulcer activity of the alcoholic (200 mg / kg. p.o.) and aqueous Extract (400 mg / kg. p.o.) were assessed in Aspirin induced gastric ulcer.

Alteraciones oculares en el síndrome alcohólico fetal / Ocular alterations in the fetal alcoholic syndrome

El síndrome alcohólico fetal (SAF) es una condición dismórfica asociada con el alcoholismo gestacional, se relacionan los rasgos clínicos con la sensibilidad tisular, la dosis y la duración de la exposición al etanol. Estudios recientes indican que la plasticidad neuronal juega un papel importante en el desarrollo del cerebro y de la corteza visual, particularmente. Algunos de los factores clave involucrados en la plasticidad incluyen a los receptores de N-metil-D-aspartato y a los receptores GABA, y la exposición etílica, en etapas embriogénicas, induce alteraciones funcionales en dichos factores. Las anomalías sistémicas asociadas con la teratogenicidad alcohólica pueden agruparse en cuatro categorías: alteraciones funcionales específicas del sistema nervioso central, deficiencias en el desarrollo, anormalidades faciales y variadas malformaciones de otros órganos, entre los que se encuentra el sistema visual. Las alteraciones oftalmológicas frecuentemente asociadas son: ptosis unibilateral o bilateral, estrabismo y miopía alta. En el segmento anterior es posible encontrar microcórnea, glaucoma congénito, catarata y persistencia de la arteria hialoidea. Finalmente, en el fondo de ojo, la hipoplasia de papila y el incremento de la tortuosidad arteriovenosa retiniana son hallazgos relativamente frecuentes de esta entidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es resumir el conocimiento existente en la literatura médica de la teratogénesis ocular por alcohol, con objeto de ayudar en el reconocimiento temprano de los neonatos afectados, iniciar terapia de rehabilitación y facilitar el consejo familiar

The fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS) is a dimorphous entity associated with gestational alcoholism; clinical features are related with the tissue sensitivity, dose and extent of ethanol exposition. Recent studies report that the neuronal plasticity plays an important role in the brain development and in particular of the visual cortex. Some of the key factors involved in plasticity include the N-methyl-D-aspartate and the GABA receptors, as well as the ethyl exposition in embryogeny stages inducing functional alterations in such factors. The systemic anomalies associated with alcoholic teratogenesis may be grouped in four categories: functional alterations specific of the central nervous system, development deficiencies, facial abnormalities and different malformations of other organs including the visual system. The ophthalmologic alterations more frequently associated are: unilateral or bilateral ptosis, strabismus and high myopia. In the anterior segment it is possible to find microcornea, congenital glaucoma, cataract and hyaloid artery persistency. Finally, in the fundus oculi, papilla hypoplasia and the retinal arteriovenous tortuosness are frequent findings in this entity. The objective of present paper is to summarize the existing knowledge in the medical literature on the ocular teratogenesis due to presence of alcohol to help in the early recognition of the involved neonates, to begin the rehabilitation therapy and to make easy the family advice

História de vida e o alcoolismo: representações sociais de adolescentes / Life history and alcoholism: social representations of adolescents / Historia de vida y alcoholismo: representaciones sociales de los adolescentes

Neste estudo descritivo-qualitativo, utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os objetivos foram descrever as representações sociais dos adolescentes sobre o alcoolismo e analisar a inserção do alcoolismo na história de vidados adolescentes. O contexto do estudo foi uma instituição da Prefeitura de Belém-PA e 40 adolescentes constituíramos sujeitos da pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica da história de vida. A técnica de análise foi a de conteúdo temático, que chegou a duas categorias: O alcoolismo na história de vida dos adolescentes e Alcoolismo e alcoolistas e suas representações sociais. A inserção da bebida alcoólica no seio familiar e seu uso de forma abusiva foram relevantes para o primeiro contato dos adolescentes com o álcool e outras drogas. No estudo, mostrou-se a relevância de se desvelar o universo dos adolescentes sobre o alcoolismo para favorecer a compreensão deste como fenômeno psicossocial.

This descriptive qualitative study employed the Theory of Social Representations. It aims to describe the adolescents’social representations on alcoholism and to analyze the insertion of alcoholism in their life history. The study context was an institution in the city of Belém, PA and the subjects were 40 adolescents. Data was collected through life history technique. The thematic content analysis established two categories: the alcoholism in the adolescents’ life, alcoholism and alcoholics and their social representations. The insertion of alcoholic beverage within the family and its improper use represented the first contact of the adolescents with alcohol and other drugs. The study revealed the importance of uncovering the adolescents’ universe on alcoholism to promote this problem’s understanding as a psychosocial phenomenon.

En el presente estudio descriptivo cualitativo se utilizó la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Su objetivo fue describir las representaciones sociales de los adolescentes sobre el alcoholismo y analizar la inserción del alcoholismo en la historia de vida de los adolescentes. El contexto del estudio fue una institución de la ciudad de Belém y los sujetos 40 adolescentes. Para la recogida de datos se empleó la técnica de la história de vida y para el análisis la técnica decontenido temático que definió dos categorías: El alcoholismo en la historia de vida de los adolescentes y El alcoholismo, los alcohólicos y sus representaciones sociales. La inclusión del alcohol en la familia y su uso de forma abusiva fueron sumamente importantes para el primer contacto de los adolescentes con el alcohol y otras drogas. El estudio mostró la importancia de revelar la relación de los adolescentes con el alcoholismo para ayudar a entenderla como un fenómeno psicosocial.

Remoção da adstringência de caquis 'Giombo' com subdosagens de etanol / Astringency removal of 'Giombo' persimmon with ethanol sub-doses

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da aplicação de subdosagens de etanol na remoção da adstringência de caqui 'Giombo'. Além disso, foi avaliada a influência da temperatura e do tempo de exposição ao etanol no processo de destanização dos frutos. Assim, foram testadas diferentes doses de etanol (1,75; 3,5 e 7mL kg-1 ou 0,3 e 0,6mL L-1 de câmara-1), tempos de exposição (6, 12, 24 e 36h) e temperaturas de aplicação dos tratamentos e de armazenamento após a aplicação (5, 20 e 24°C). A exposição dos frutos à concentração de 1,75mL de etanol, durante 12 horas, foi suficiente para destanizar completamente os frutos. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, os frutos levaram quatro dias para estarem aptos ao consumo. A refrigeração de caquis 'Giombo', após o tratamento com etanol, não influenciou o posterior processo de polimerização dos taninos solúveis.

The objective of this research was to evaluate ethanol sub-doses efficacy on the astringency removal of 'Giombo'. Additionally, it was evaluated the influence of temperature and ethanol exposure time on fruit deastringency. Thus, experiments were carried out with different exposition times (6, 12, 24 and 36h) and ethyl alcohol concentrations (1.75; 3.5 e 7mL kg-1 or 0.3 and 0.6mL L-1 of chamber). Fruit exposition to ethanol concentration of 1.75mL during 12 h was sufficient to remove completely the persimmon fruit astringency. After the treatment application, the fruits needed 4 days to become suitable to consumption. The process of tannin polymerization is not influenced by cold storage.

Confidence in the daily use of antiseptic alcohol.

Objective: To evaluate the active ingredient of 70 % Alcohol in two most common daily usage patterns after container opening i.e. the long opening period without container lid closure and the short period opening with the lid opening twice a day. Methods: 70 percent Alcohol was prepared in two common usages package sizes of 60 ml, and 250 ml, of our institution. We evaluated the quantity of ethyl alcohol that is the active ingredient in 70% alcohol in two aforementioned conditions to determine the time duration that the alcohol concentration remained greater than 60 percent in 60 ml, and 250 ml, package size. The alcohol concentration was quantified by a gas chromatography method for 3 batches and 5 samples per batch. Results: The ethyl alcohol concentrations of 60 ml, and 250 ml, packages of 70 percent alcohol declined to lower than 60 percent in 18 and 32 days respectively in the long opening period condition, whereas the short period opening condition resulted in running out of volume in 24 and 49 days for 60 and 250 ml, package before the decline of the ethyl alcohol concentration to lower than 60 percent. Conclusion: We can be confident that the 70 percent alcohol in our institution package sizes of 60 ml, and 250 ml, preserve their antiseptic properties for 18 and 32 days respectively when the lid is left open, whereas they maintain their antiseptic properties until the package is finished in the twice daily usage condition. These finding should be introduced into the practice guideline of the medical personnel and the patients.

The B ultra involvement ovary cyst puncture pours into the ethyl alcohol curative effect analysis / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the curative effect under the B ultra involvement the ovary cyst puncture to pour into the ethyl alcohol treatment ovary cyst.Methods 66 examples ovaries cyst were handlled as follows:in front of the technique the B ultra prompt for the ovary pure cyst or the chocolate cyst,cyst diameter ≤7cm,the application involvement supersonic technology,after the abdominal wall or the vagina the dome good puncture,puncture needle arrives the pouch cavity,extracted the liquid,after the right amount physiological saline flushing pouch cavity,poured into 95% ethyl alcohol quantity for the pouch for the fluid amount of space occupied 1/3～1/2 quantities.Results The 66 examples patients technique latter 1 month,half year,one year,two years reexaminations,the cyst vanished in 60 examples,reduced in 6 examples,after the cyst vanished no case recured curing rate reached 906%.Conclusion Among the ovary cyst puncture the treatment of pouring into the ethyl alcohol has a good curative effect,operation simple,wound small,non-surgery illness complication.

The Hemodynamic Changes of Alcohol Sclerotherapy in Patients with Congenital Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformation / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are increasingly treated by radiologists using various embolic materials. Because of pain and significant hemodynamic changes that may be associated with this treatment, anesthesiologists are frequently asked to provide anesthesia and supportive care. We evaluated the hemodynamic changes that occurred after absolute alcohol embolization. METHODS: Fourteen patients between 15 and 50 years of age who had arteriovenous malformation were included in this study. 2 to 4 ml of alcohol was injected each time. The hemodynamic parameters were measured before alcohol injection (control) and after 1st to 10th alcohol injection. RESULTS: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were significantly increased after 1st to 10th alcohol injection compared with control value. Central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance were not significantly changed. But pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly increased after 9th and 10th alcohol injection. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure was significantly increased after 4th, 8th, 9th and 10th alcohol injection. CONCLUSIONS: Bolus injection of absolute ethyl alcohol induces short-term significant increases in blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output probably by severe pain and sympathetic activation that appear to be centrally mediated. The underlying mechanism of cardiovascular event and other systemic effects of intravascular ethanol in this setting need further study.